Below are selected references from Keto for Migraine. The linked text indicates the relevant section of the book.
CHAPTER 1
“Your skin cells last about 20 days on average.” http://book.bionumbers.org/how-quickly-do-different-cells-in-the-body-replace-themselves/
CHAPTER 2
“first large scale study of its kind“: Barborka, Clifford J. 1930. “MIGRAINE: RESULTS OF TREATMENT BY KETOGENIC DIET IN FIFTY CASES.” JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 95 (24): 1825–28.
“secretly paying off some of the most high profile researchers“: Camila Domonoske, “50 Years Ago, Sugar Industry Quietly Paid Scientists To Point Blame At Fat,” NPR, September 13, 2016.
“increased 1000%“: Blasbalg, Tanya L., Joseph R. Hibbeln, Christopher E. Ramsden, Sharon F. Majchrzak, and Robert R. Rawlings. 2011. “Changes in Consumption of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids in the United States during the 20th Century.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 93 (5): 950–62.
“incorporated into the membranes of our cells“: Abbott, Sarah K., Paul L. Else, Taleitha A. Atkins, and A. J. Hulbert. 2012. “Fatty Acid Composition of Membrane Bilayers: Importance of Diet Polyunsaturated Fat Balance.” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1818 (5): 1309–17.
“promote inflammation in the body that lies at the root of virtually every chronic disease“: Hunter, Philip. 2012. “The Inflammation Theory of Disease. The Growing Realization That Chronic Inflammation Is Crucial in Many Diseases Opens New Avenues for Treatment.” EMBO Reports 13 (11): 968–70.
“Those who cut animal fat from their diet were 22% more likely to die“: Ramsden, Christopher E., Daisy Zamora, Sharon Majchrzak-Hong, Keturah R. Faurot, Steven K. Broste, Robert P. Frantz, John M. Davis, Amit Ringel, Chirayath M. Suchindran, and Joseph R. Hibbeln. 2016. “Re-Evaluation of the Traditional Diet-Heart Hypothesis: Analysis of Recovered Data from Minnesota Coronary Experiment (1968-73).” BMJ 353 (April): i1246.
“cholesterol isn’t a useful predictor of heart disease“: Ravnskov, Uffe, David M. Diamond, Rokura Hama, Tomohito Hamazaki, Björn Hammarskjöld, Niamh Hynes, Malcolm Kendrick, et al. 2016. “Lack of an Association or an Inverse Association between Low-Density-Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Mortality in the Elderly: A Systematic Review.” BMJ Open 6 (6): e010401.
“more dangerous to have a low level of cholesterol than a high one“: Yi, Sang-Wook, Jee-Jeon Yi, and Heechoul Ohrr. 2019. “Total Cholesterol and All-Cause Mortality by Sex and Age: A Prospective Cohort Study among 12.8 Million Adults.” Scientific Reports 9 (1): 1596.
“the single best predictor of ‘cardiovascular risk‘”: Luz, Protasio Lemos da, Desiderio Favarato, Jose Rocha Faria-Neto Jr, Pedro Lemos, and Antonio Carlos Palandri Chagas. 2008. “High Ratio of Triglycerides to HDL-Cholesterol Predicts Extensive Coronary Disease.” Clinics 63 (4): 427–32.
“often drops below one“: Dashti, Hussein M., Thazhumpal C. Mathew, Talib Hussein, Sami K. Asfar, Abdulla Behbahani, Mousa A. Khoursheed, Hilal M. Al-Sayer, Yousef Y. Bo-Abbas, and Naji S. Al-Zaid. 2004. “Long-Term Effects of a Ketogenic Diet in Obese Patients.” Experimental and Clinical Cardiology 9 (3): 200–205.
“But, more of those subjects died“: Ramsden, Christopher E., Daisy Zamora, Boonseng Leelarthaepin, Sharon F. Majchrzak-Hong, Keturah R. Faurot, Chirayath M. Suchindran, Amit Ringel, John M. Davis, and Joseph R. Hibbeln. 2013. “Use of Dietary Linoleic Acid for Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease and Death: Evaluation of Recovered Data from the Sydney Diet Heart Study and Updated Meta-Analysis.” BMJ 346 (February): e8707.
“Doctors are paid very well to promote pharmaceuticals“: Propublica, Dollars for Docs: How Industry Dollars Reached Your Doctors
CHAPTER 3
“focus on one task for extended periods“: Berkel, Annemiek A. van, Dominique M. IJff, and Jan Martin Verkuyl. 2018. “Cognitive Benefits of the Ketogenic Diet in Patients with Epilepsy: A Systematic Overview.” Epilepsy & Behavior: E&B 87 (October): 69–77.
“allowing you to lose weight without starving yourself“: Stubbs, Brianna J., Pete J. Cox, Rhys D. Evans, Malgorzata Cyranka, Kieran Clarke, and Heidi de Wet. 2018. “A Ketone Ester Drink Lowers Human Ghrelin and Appetite.” Obesity 26 (2): 269–73.
“neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s“: Pinto, Alessandro, Alessio Bonucci, Elisa Maggi, Mariangela Corsi, and Rita Businaro. 2018. “Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ketogenic Diet: New Perspectives for Neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s Disease.” Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 7 (5). https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox7050063.
“promoted calmness and serenity“: Gross, Elena C., Rainer J. Klement, Jean Schoenen, Dominic P. D’Agostino, and Dirk Fischer. 2019. “Potential Protective Mechanisms of Ketone Bodies in Migraine Prevention.” Nutrients 11 (4). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040811.
“killed any pre-cancerous cells in your body“: Branco, Ana F., André Ferreira, Rui F. Simões, Sílvia Magalhães-Novais, Cheryl Zehowski, Elisabeth Cope, Ana Marta Silva, Daniela Pereira, Vilma A. Sardão, and Teresa Cunha-Oliveira. 2016. “Ketogenic Diets: From Cancer to Mitochondrial Diseases and beyond.” European Journal of Clinical Investigation 46 (3): 285–98.
“as safe or safer than any other drug on the market“: Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. 2010. “High-Fat Ketogenic Diet to Control Seizures Is Safe over Long Term, Study Suggests.” Science Daily, February 17, 2010. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/02/100216163531.htm.
“driving factor in many diseases, as well as a key factor in the aging process“: Davalli, Pierpaola, Tijana Mitic, Andrea Caporali, Angela Lauriola, and Domenico D’Arca. 2016. “ROS, Cell Senescence, and Novel Molecular Mechanisms in Aging and Age-Related Diseases.” Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2016 (May): 3565127.
“have a higher level of oxidative stress“: Khosravi, Alireza, Alireza Nakhaee, Abdoreza Ghoreishi, Zahra Arefpoor, and Masoud Sadeghi. 2019. “Impaired Oxidative-Antioxidative Balance during Migraine Attack.” Biomedical Research and Therapy 6 (2): 2996–3002.
“A theory has been proposed“: Borkum, Jonathan M. 2018. “The Migraine Attack as a Homeostatic, Neuroprotective Response to Brain Oxidative Stress: Preliminary Evidence for a Theory.” Headache 58 (1): 118–35.
“A ketogenic diet reduces the number of reactive oxygen species produced“: Greco, Tiffany, Thomas C. Glenn, David A. Hovda, and Mayumi L. Prins. 2016. “Ketogenic Diet Decreases Oxidative Stress and Improves Mitochondrial Respiratory Complex Activity.” Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism: Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 36 (9): 1603–13.
“only occurring when human brains are subjected to our evolutionarily novel, modern environment“: Lindeberg, Staffan. 2010. Food and Western Disease: Health and Nutrition from an Evolutionary Perspective. 1 edition. Wiley-Blackwell.
CHAPTER 4
“patients who’ve been on it for over 5 years who show no adverse effects“: Bertoli, Simona, Claudia Trentani, Cinzia Ferraris, Valentina De Giorgis, Pierangelo Veggiotti, and Anna Tagliabue. 2014. “Long-Term Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition and Bone Mineralization in GLUT-1 Deficiency Syndrome: A Case Series.” Nutrition 30 (6): 726–28.
“primarily concerning the efficiency with which the body burns fat“: Ma, Sihui, and Katsuhiko Suzuki. 2019. “Keto-Adaptation and Endurance Exercise Capacity, Fatigue Recovery, and Exercise-Induced Muscle and Organ Damage Prevention: A Narrative Review.” Sports (Basel, Switzerland) 7 (2). https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7020040.
CHAPTER 5
“ketones themselves suppress appetite“: Stubbs, Brianna J., Pete J. Cox, Rhys D. Evans, Malgorzata Cyranka, Kieran Clarke, and Heidi de Wet. 2018. “A Ketone Ester Drink Lowers Human Ghrelin and Appetite.” Obesity 26 (2): 269–73.
CHAPTER 6
“shown improvements in sleep quantity and quality on a ketogenic diet“: Castro, Ana I., Diego Gomez-Arbelaez, Ana B. Crujeiras, Roser Granero, Zaida Aguera, Susana Jimenez-Murcia, Ignacio Sajoux, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Fernando Fernandez-Aranda, and Felipe F. Casanueva. 2018. “Effect of A Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Food and Alcohol Cravings, Physical and Sexual Activity, Sleep Disturbances, and Quality of Life in Obese Patients.” Nutrients 10 (10). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101348.
“research on the clinical applications in psychiatry is still in infancy, but the early studies are favorable“: Georgia, Ede. 2017. “Ketogenic Diets for Psychiatric Disorders: A New Review.” Psychology Today, June 30, 2017. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/diagnosis-diet/201706/ketogenic-diets-psychiatric-disorders-new-review.
“consistently associated with a heightened risk of migraines“: Hadjivassiliou, M., R. A. Grünewald, M. Lawden, G. A. Davies-Jones, T. Powell, and C. M. Smith. 2001. “Headache and CNS White Matter Abnormalities Associated with Gluten Sensitivity.” Neurology 56 (3): 385–88.
“a topic I’ve written and discussed extensively elsewhere“: Turknett, Josh. 2017. “The Gluten & Migraine Connection: What You Need To Know.” My Migraine Miracle. January 30, 2017. https://www.mymigrainemiracle.com/gluten-migraine-connection-need-know/.
“multiple biologically plausible ways in which they could exert such an effect“: Simeone, Timothy A., Kristina A. Simeone, Carl E. Stafstrom, and Jong M. Rho. 2018. “Do Ketone Bodies Mediate the Anti-Seizure Effects of the Ketogenic Diet?” Neuropharmacology 133 (May): 233–41.
CHAPTER 7
“68% of study subjects were able to stop all diabetes medications after one year“: Hallberg, Sarah J., Amy L. McKenzie, Paul T. Williams, Nasir H. Bhanpuri, Anne L. Peters, Wayne W. Campbell, Tamara L. Hazbun, et al. 2018. “Effectiveness and Safety of a Novel Care Model for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes at 1 Year: An Open-Label, Non-Randomized, Controlled Study.” Diabetes Therapy: Research, Treatment and Education of Diabetes and Related Disorders 9 (2): 583–612.
“anxiety disorders, major depression, bipolar, and autism spectrum disorders“: Georgia, Ede. 2017. “Ketogenic Diets for Psychiatric Disorders: A New Review.” Psychology Today, June 30, 2017. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/diagnosis-diet/201706/ketogenic-diets-psychiatric-disorders-new-review.
“halt or even reverse the progression of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s“: Paoli, Antonio, Antonino Bianco, Ernesto Damiani, and Gerardo Bosco. 2014. “Ketogenic Diet in Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases.” BioMed Research International 2014 (July): 474296.
“reduces inflammation in multiple ways both direct and indirect“: Masino, Susan A., and David N. Ruskin. 2013. “Ketogenic Diets and Pain.” Journal of Child Neurology 28 (8): 993–1001.
CHAPTER 8
“one that has now been roundly discredited“: Harcombe, Zoë, Julien S. Baker, and Bruce Davies. 2017. “Evidence from Prospective Cohort Studies Does Not Support Current Dietary Fat Guidelines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” British Journal of Sports Medicine 51 (24): 1743–49.
CHAPTER 9
“one session of resistance training has been shown to restore the cell’s fat-burning abilities“: Berggren, Jason R., Kristen E. Boyle, William H. Chapman, and Joseph A. Houmard. 2008. “Skeletal Muscle Lipid Oxidation and Obesity: Influence of Weight Loss and Exercise.” American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism 294 (4): E726–32.
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